Background and Purpose: Family is the first social environment in which the personality of each person is founded and the lack of attention of parents to the health of the child's mental and emotional environment due to lack of communication skills increases the likelihood of psychological and behavioral problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching communication skills to mothers on behavioral problems in children aged 4-6 years
Method: The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The sample consisted of 30 mothers with children with behavioral problems in the city of Lanjan who were selected by available sampling method. Children's behavioral questionnaire (Rutter, 1967). The mothers of the experimental group underwent 9 sessions of 60 minutes of communication skills interventions, while the control group did not receive any interventions. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used.
Results: The results of one-way covariance analysis have shown that communication-based interventions have reduced the behavioral problems of children in the experimental group (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to pay attention to the causes of children's behavioral problems, especially in the family, and to apply appropriate educational programs by specialists in order to prevent the occurrence of these problems.

Background and Purpose: Autism is a disorder associated with problems in social interaction, communication, and repetitive and limited behavior patterns. According to the results of some studies, some mothers of children with autism have higher levels of depression and stress symptoms than mothers of typically developing children, so the purpose of the present study was the effect of family interactions training on marital satisfaction and communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.
Method: The study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran in 2016. The study sample consisted of 24 mothers with autistic children from the mentioned population who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group consisting of 12 persons). The intervention program was taught to the experimental group for 12 sessions and the control group did not receive this training. At the end both groups were evaluated in post-test and follow-up. The research tool was Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (1994) and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Afroz, 2012) which were completed in three stages. The obtained data were also analyzed using covariance analysis
Results: The results of the data analysis showed that the intervention program increased the mean subscales of marital satisfaction, family interactions, and communication skills of autistic children in the experimental group (P <0.05), while the post-test scores of the control group in all subscales did not change significantly.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the family interactions training used in this study was able to improve the communication skills of children with autism by increasing the level of parental awareness and improving the appropriate interaction with the child and spouse.

Background and Purpose: The first and most important issue of hearing-impaired children is communication problems because they are often unable to interact with peers and adults. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on interpersonal relationship, resilience, and stress in people with hearing impairment.
Method: The research method is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of deaf people with the mean age of 15 years in Tehran in the academic year of 2018. 30 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The effective communication skills training program was administered to the experimental group for ten 90 min sessions but the control group did not receive any intervention. Interpersonal Skills Questionnaire (Matson, 1983), Resiliency (Connor & Davidson, 1) and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen, 1983) were used as research tools.
Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that effective communication skills training were effective on interpersonal relationships (P = 0.01, F = 26.29), resilience (P = 0.03, F = 5.27) and stress in (P = 0.01, F = 22.60) hearing impaired children, so that this intervention was able to increase interpersonal relationships and resiliency in the experimental group, and reduce their stress levels.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the communication skills program training was able to prepare the experimental group for effective coping with interpersonal problems and reinforce the psychological need for communication and belonging.

Background and Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder is a neuropsychological disorder that causes difficulties in social and intellectual functioning. In order to design an effective intervention program based on functional communication training in the social and communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder, the current study was done.
Method: In terms of purpose, this research was pragmatic, and its method of data collection was semi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up plan for the control group. In 2018, the statistical population consisted of all children with autism spectrum disorder level 1 between the ages of 4 and 8 in Tehran, as well as their parents. Thirty children with autism spectrum disorder, level 1, were selected on purpose using different criteria from the Padideh Clinic and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received fifteen sessions of the intervention program, while the control group received the standard programs of the rehabilitation center. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (James and Gilliam, 2003), the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ; Ehler and Gilberg, 1993), and the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC; Rimland and Edelson, 1999) were utilized to collect data. The data were then analyzed using SPSS 26's multivariate covariance analysis and a t-test correlated with a modified alpha.
Results: The intervention program based on functional communication training significantly improved the social and communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (P<0.01). The effect size was for the social skills (0.87 points) and communication skills (0.92 points) components. In addition, the findings of the paired sample t-test indicated that the effect of the functional communication training program on the social and communication skills components throughout the follow-up phase was successful and consistent.
Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be concluded that training can improve the social and communication skills of autistic children, and that a treatment program based on functional communication training can be utilized as an effective intervention to develop these skills.

Background and Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems in communication, social interactions, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. This research was conducted with the aim of the efficacy of play therapy based on sensory integration on communication skills, social interaction, stereotyped behavior, and motor development in boys with ASD.
Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and 1.5 months follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all boys with ASD from 5 to 12 years in Guilan province in 2020-2021. Based on the inclusion criteria and the purposeful sampling method, 30 children were selected from the Guilan Autism Association as a sample, and randomly in two the experimental group and the control group were placed. Play therapy based on sensory integration was performed individually for 15 sessions of 30-45 minutes in the experimental group. Research tools included the The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (GARS-2) (Gilliam, 2006) and The Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale (Sloan,1955). The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-27 software.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of communication skills (P=0.001, F=14.900), social interaction (P=0.001, F=96.099), stereotyped behaviors (P=0.001, 151.348), and motor development (P=0.001, F=797.026) in the post-test of the experimental and control groups and these results continued in the follow-up phase (P<0.05).
Conclusions: According to findings the results of this research, play therapy based on sensory integration by providing purposeful plays that target the specific sensory needs of each child can increase the adapted response to received stimuli and thus lead to the improvement of the functions of children with ASD.