[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
International Editorial Board
Editorial Board of Iranian University
Aims & Scopes
Indexing & Abstracting
Open Access Policy
Financial Policies
CrossMark Policy
Journal News
Articles archive::
All Issues
Current Issue
Browse by Authors
Browse by Keywords
For Authors::
Instructions for Authors
Submission Form
Principles of Publishing Ethics
Ethical Code: Psychologic Study
Ethical Code: Medical Research
Ethical Consideration
Peer Review Policy
Declaration Form
Article Processing Charges
For Reviewers::
Policies of Peer Review
Registration::
Registration Form
Contact us::
Contact Information
Contact us
Site Facilities::
Site map
Search contents
Top 10 contents
Inform to friends
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
Open Access
..
Registered in
..
Indexing and Abstracting
..
:: Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol12 No2 Summer 2025- 2025) ::
J Child Ment Health 2025, 12(2): 86-100 Back to browse issues page
The Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome, parental stress, and social stigma of mothers with children with cerebral palsy
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe *1 , Nazanin Haghighat Bayan2 , Golnar Hosseinzadeh3 , Esmat Shajari2 , Vahid Savabi Niri4
1- Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2- Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
3- Behshahr Branch, Payame Noor University, Behshahr, Iran
4- Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract:   (349 Views)
Background and Purpose: Caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience significant psychological strain due to healthcare limitations, lifestyle disruptions, financial pressures, and diminished quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on symptoms of chronic fatigue, parenting stress, and social stigma among mothers of children with CP.
Method: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. The study population consisted of mothers of children with CP in Rasht, Iran, in 2024. A total of 34 mothers were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data collection instruments included the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Scale (CFSS; Chalder et al. 1993), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 2012), and the Social Stigma Questionnaire (SSQ; Mak & Kwok, 2010). The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of ACT based on the Hayes et al. (2011) protocol. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24.
Results: The results demonstrated that ACT significantly reduced physical fatigue (F = 31.85), mental fatigue (F = 46.43), parental distress (F = 30.71), dysfunctional parent–child interaction (F = 37.09), difficult child characteristics (F = 45.47), and perceived social stigma (F = 32.87) among mothers (p< 0.01).
Conclusion: ACT was effective in reducing physical and mental fatigue, parenting stress, and social stigma in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. These findings highlighted as a valuable therapeutic approach for improving maternal mental health and enhancing caregiving quality.
Article number: 6
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, chronic fatigue syndrome, parental stress, social stigma, acceptance and commitment therapy
Full-Text [PDF 1215 kb]   (159 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/05/17 | Accepted: 2025/07/25 | Published: 2025/08/16
References
1. McIntyre S, Goldsmith S, Webb A, Ehlinger V, Hollung SJ, McConnell K, Arnaud C, Smithers‐Sheedy H, Oskoui M, Khandaker G, Himmelmann K. Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2022;64(12):1494-506. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/dmcn.15346]
2. Mohammadnia M, Hosseinkhanzadeh A A. Identifying and Prioritizing the Needs of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Child Ment Health 2020; 7 (1):181-192. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.29252/jcmh.7.1.16]
3. Arnaud C, Ehlinger V, Delobel-Ayoub M, Klapouszczak D, Perra O, Hensey O, Neubauer D, Hollódy K, Virella D, Rackauskaite G, Greitane A. Trends in prevalence and severity of pre/perinatal cerebral palsy among children born preterm from 2004 to 2010: a SCPE collaboration study. Frontiers in neurology. 2021; 12:624884. [Link] [DOI:10.3389/fneur.2021.624884]
4. Tork A, Sajjadian I. The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Distress and Negative Automatic Thoughts in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Child Ment Health 2020; 6 (4):156-167. [Persian] [Link] [DOI:10.29252/jcmh.6.4.15]
5. Mushta SM, King C, Goldsmith S, Smithers-Sheedy H, Badahdah AM, Rashid H, Badawi N, Khandaker G, McIntyre S. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sciences. 2022;12(7):859. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/brainsci12070859]
6. Shengyi Y, Jiayue X, Jing G, Lina W. Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in China 1988-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021;53(5). [Link]
7. Mohammed SS, Abdelwahab MS, Zaky NA, Abdelazeim FH. Impact of mother's care burden, fatigue and child's functional level on quality of life in spastic cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy Research International. 2024;29(1): e2067. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/pri.2067]
8. Pasin T, Karatekin BD, Pasin O. Chronic fatigue syndrome in caregivers of children with cerebral palsy and affecting factors. Northern Clinics of Istanbul. 2023;10(5). [Link] [DOI:10.14744/nci.2023.53533]
9. Seyhan-Bıyık K, Arslan UE, Özal C, Çankaya Ö, Numanoğlu-Akbaş A, Üneş S, Tunçdemir M, Kerem-Günel M, Özcebe LH. The effects of fatigue, gross motor function, and gender on participation in life situations of school-aged children with cerebral palsy: A parental perspective. Archives de Pédiatrie. 2022;29(8):560-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.arcped.2022.08.020]
10. Öztürk M, Alemdar DK. The care burden of mothers of children with disability: Association between family quality of life and fatigue. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2023;73: e418-25. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.010]
11. Garip Y, Ozel S, Tuncer OB, Kilinc G, Seckin F, Arasil T. Fatigue in the mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation. 2017;39(8):757-62. [Link] [DOI:10.3109/09638288.2016.1161837]
12. Pinquart M. Parenting stress in caregivers of children with chronic physical condition-A meta‐analysis. Stress and Health. 2018;34(2):197-207. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/smi.2780]
13. Park EY, Kim JH. Activity limitation in children with cerebral palsy and parenting stress, depression, and self‐esteem: A structural equation model. Pediatrics International. 2020;62(4):459-66. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/ped.14177]
14. En GA, Juhari R. Maternal appraisal, social support, and parenting stress among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. International Journal for Studies on Children, Women, Elderly and Disabled. 2017;1(1):1-8. [Link]
15. Da Costa Cunha K, Pontes FA, da Costa Silva SS. Parenting stress, and motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Psychology. 2017;8(01):44. [Link] [DOI:10.4236/psych.2017.81004]
16. Park EY. Relationship among gross motor function, parenting stress, sense of control, and depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(17):9285. [Link] [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18179285]
17. Lima MB, Ramos EM, Pontes FA, Silva SS. Cerebral palsy: parental stress of caregivers. Psico-USF. 2021; 26:357-68. [Link] [DOI:10.1590/1413-82712021260213]
18. Dlamini MD, Chang YJ, Nguyen TT. Caregivers' experiences of having a child with cerebral palsy. A meta-synthesis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2023; 73:157-68. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.08.026]
19. Dako-Gyeke M, Boateng DA, Mills AA, Kodom RB, Appiah-Kubi J. Known by the Children's Condition: Associative Stigma Among Family Carers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Global Social Welfare. 2021:1-4. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s40609-021-00203-w]
20. Chu SY, Rafi AB, Lee J, Fierro V, Gan CH, Joginder Singh S, Hersh D, Lin LY. The relationship between affiliate stigma, stress, and quality of life for parents of individuals with cerebral palsy in Malaysia. Disability and rehabilitation. 2023;45(24):4035-47. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/09638288.2022.2153304]
21. Read SA, Morton TA, Ryan MK. Negotiating identity: A qualitative analysis of stigma and support seeking for individuals with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2015;37(13):1162-9. [Link] [DOI:10.3109/09638288.2014.956814]
22. Vadivelan K, Sekar P, Sruthi SS, Gopichandran V. Burden of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: an intersectional analysis of gender, poverty, stigma, and public policy. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20:1-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-08808-0]
23. Whittingham K, Sanders MR, McKinlay L, Boyd RN. Parenting intervention combined with acceptance and commitment therapy: A trial with families of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2016;41(5):531-42. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/jpepsy/jsv118]
24. Hasan Alam F, I EL Berry K, Kamal Mohamed Sweelam R, Mostafa Arrab M, Sh Shehata H. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Intervention on Stress, Future Anxiety and Quality of Life among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research. 2023;3(2):281-306. [Link] [DOI:10.21608/ejnsr.2023.277922]
25. Jin X, Wong CL, Li H, Chen J, Chong YY, Bai Y. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychological and behavioral changes among parents of children with chronic health conditions: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing. 2021;77(7):3020-33. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/jan.14798]
26. Sairanen E, Lappalainen R, Lappalainen P, Kaipainen K, Carlstedt F, Anclair M, Hiltunen A. Effectiveness of a web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention for wellbeing of parents whose children have chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2019; 13:94-102. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.07.004]
27. Li S, Chen Z, Yong Y, Xie J, Li Y. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy-based interventions for improving the psychological health of parents of children with special health care needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2023:152426. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152426]
28. Whittingham K, Sheffield J, Mak C, Wright A, Boyd RN. Parenting acceptance and commitment therapy: an RCT of an online course with families of children with CP. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2022; 155:104129. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104129]
29. Çiçek Gümüş E, Öncel S. Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy-based interventions on the mental states of parents with special needs children: Randomized controlled trial. Current Psychology. 2023;42(23):19429-42. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s12144-022-03760-1]
30. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, & Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2): 175-191. [Link] [DOI:10.3758/BF03193146]
31. Chalder T, Berelowitz G, Pawlikowska T, Watts L, Wessely S, Wright D, Wallace EP. Development of a fatigue scale. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1993;37(2):147-53. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90081-P]
32. Kouhnavard B, Rajaei Behbahani N, Soleimani N. Comparisons between the quality of sleep and chronic fatigue syndrome in the radiology staff and nurses working in hospital. ioh 2017; 14 3): 26-36. [Persian] [Link]
33. Abidin RR. Parenting stress index: PSI-4; Professional manual. Lutz: PAR: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2012. [Link]
34. Fadaei Z, Dehghani M, Tahmasian K, Farhadei M. Investigating reliability, validity, and factor structure of parenting stress- short form in mothers of 7-12-year-old children. RBS 2011; 8(2):81-91. [Persian] [Link]
35. Mak WW, Kwok YT. Internalization of stigma for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong. Social science & medicine. 2010;70(12):2045-51. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.023]
36. Reisi H, Sharifi T, Ghazanfari A, Charami M. Effectiveness of training self-compassion on social stigma and distress tolerance in the mothers of children with cerebral paralysis. Journal of Psychological Science. 2020; 19(93), 1197-1200. [Persian] [Link]
37. Hayes SC, Strosahl KD, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guilford Press; 2011. [Link]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bagheri Sheykhangafshe F, Haghighat Bayan N, Hosseinzadeh G, Shajari E, Savabi Niri V. The Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome, parental stress, and social stigma of mothers with children with cerebral palsy. J Child Ment Health 2025; 12 (2) : 6
URL: http://childmentalhealth.ir/article-1-1435-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Vol12 No2 Summer 2025- 2025) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه سلامت روان کودک Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.05 seconds with 43 queries by YEKTAWEB 4718