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Predicting self-harming behaviors of adolescents based on attachment styles, self-compassion, and impulsivity
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Parvaneh Mahmoodpour1    , Azra Zebardast *1 , Sajjad Rezaei1 |
| 1- Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran |
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Abstract: (54 Views) |
Background and Purpose: Self-harm is a maladaptive coping strategy for managing emotional distress, stress, anger, and frustration. The prevalence of self-injurious behaviors is higher during adolescence than in other stages of life. This study aimed to predict adolescent self-injurious behaviors based on attachment styles, self-compassion, and impulsivity.
Method: This applied research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The study population consisted of Iranian adolescents (aged 12–18, both sexes) registered on the National Crisis Prevention Writing Platform between May–June 2024. Using non-random consecutive sampling, 161 eligible participants were selected. Data were collected using the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS; Klonsky & Glenn, 2009), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Barratt, 1959), and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using SPSS-26.
Results: A significant negative correlation was found between secure attachment and self-injurious behaviors (r = −0.72, p < 0.001), while avoidant insecure (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) and ambivalent-anxious insecure (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) attachment styles showed significant positive correlations. Self-compassion was negatively correlated with self-injury (r = −0.61, p < 0.001), while impulsivity showed a positive correlation (r = 0.19, p < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the three predictors explained 55% of the variance in self-injurious behaviors.
Conclusions: Secure attachment and self-compassion serve as protective factors against self-harming behaviors, while insecure attachment and impulsivity increase the risk. It is recommended to develop family-centered interventions to strengthen secure attachment, along with programs aimed at enhancing self-compassion and managing impulsivity in adolescents. |
Article number: 6 |
| Keywords: Impulsivity, attachment, self-injurious behaviors, self-compassion, adolescence |
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Full-Text [PDF 1574 kb]
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/09/1 | Accepted: 2025/07/8 | Published: 2025/07/8
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